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Rutaceae > Aegle > Aegle marmelos

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Rutaceae > Aegle
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  • Dénominations :

      ✖

    • Nom botanique : Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa (1800)

    • Synonymes français :

      arbre Bael, bilva, bilwa, bel, kuvalam, madtoum, fruit de Beli, coing du Bengale, orange-miel, vilvon, marmelo, makdum

    • Synonymes :

      Aegle marmelos var. mahurensis Zate, Belou marmelos (L.) A. Lyons, Bilacus marmelos (L.) Kuntze, Crateva marmelos L, Feronia pellucida Roth

      Dont basionyme : Crateva marmelos L. 1753 ;

    • Noms anglais et locaux :

      Bael fruit, Bengal quince ;







  • Description et culture :

      ✖

    • dont infos de "FOOD PLANTS INTERNATIONAL" :

      • Description :

        Un arbre de taille moyenne. Il perd ses feuilles. Il atteint 3-6-12 m de haut et s'étend sur 2 m de diamètre. La tige est dressée et épineuse. Les feuilles sont vertes et à 3 folioles et généralement en forme d'épée. Ils sont aromatiques. Les fleurs sont blanc jaunâtre. Ils ont une forte odeur sucrée. Ils contiennent les deux sexes et se produisent en grappes. Le fruit est gros et avec une coque dure d'environ 3 mm d'épaisseur. Il mesure 8 à 10 cm de diamètre. Le fruit est jaune-vert à maturité. La pulpe est rougeâtre ou orange. La pulpe du fruit est comestible. Le fruit est composé de petites cellules (environ 15) chacune avec des graines laineuses{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

        Original : A medium sized tree. It loses its leaves. It grows to 3-6-12 m tall and spreads 2 m across. The stem is erect and thorny. The leaves are green and with 3 leaflets and generally sword shaped. They are aromatic. The flowers are yellowish-white. They have a strong sweet smell. They contain both sexes and occur in clusters. The fruit is large and with a hard shell about 3 mm thick. It is 8-10 cm across. The fruit is yellow-green when ripe. The pulp is reddish or orange. The pulp of the fruit is edible. The fruit is made up of small cells (about 15) each with woolly seeds{{{0(+x).

      • Production :

        C'est une croissance lente. Les arbres produisent en 3-4 ans. La pleine production est acquise après 15 ans. Les fruits sont produits toute l'année. Les fruits doivent être cueillis et ne pas laisser tomber. Il peut y avoir 200 à 400 fruits par arbre. Un fruit peut peser 1 kg. Les fruits mûrissent pendant la saison sèche. Les fruits peuvent être mûris sur l'arbre. Les arbres peuvent continuer à porter pendant 50 ans. Le fruit se conserve 2 semaines à 30 ° C et 4 mois à 10 ° C{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

        Original : It is slow growing. Trees produce in 3-4 years. Full production is gained after 15 years. Fruit are produced throughout the year. Fruit should be picked and not allowed to drop. There can be 200-400 fruit per tree. A fruit can weigh 1 kg. Fruit ripen in the dry season. Fruit can be ripened off the tree. Trees can continue bearing for 50 years. The fruit can be stored for 2 weeks at 30°C and for 4 months at 10°C{{{0(+x).

      • Culture :

        Il est cultivé à partir de graines. Les graines proviennent de fruits mûrs fraîchement cueillis. Les semis sont plantés après un an. Il peut être cultivé à partir de ramifications de racines. Il est préférable de les cultiver en utilisant un bourgeonnement en patch. Les arbres sont espacés de 6 à 9 m. Les arbres peuvent être taillés pour avoir 4-6 branches solides. Les ventouses doivent être supprimées. Il peut également être cultivé à partir de drageons ou de couches d'air{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

        Original : It is grown from seed. Seed are taken from freshly picked ripe fruit. Seedlings are planted out after one year. It can be grown from root offshoots. They are best grown using patch budding. Trees are spaced 6-9 m apart. Trees can be pruned to have 4-6 strong branches. Suckers should be removed. It can also be grown from root suckers or air layering{{{0(+x).





  • Miam Consommation (rapports de comestibilité, parties utilisables et usages alimentaires correspondants) :

      ✖

    Fruitµ2(+),6µ comestibles.
    Les fleur et feuille (dont jeunes pousses) seraient également comestibles selon WIKIPÉDIA mais les sources/références sont absentes.

    Partie testée : fruit{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

    Original : Fruit{{{0(+x)
    Taux d'humidité Énergie (kj) Énergie (kcal) Protéines (g)
    58 577 138 2.3

    Pro-
    vitamines A (µg)    		 Vitamines C (mg) Fer (mg) Zinc (mg)
    0.13 219 0.55 /





  • Précautions Risques et précautions à prendre :

      ✖

    néant, inconnus ou indéterminés.



  • Autres infos :

      ✖


    dont infos de "FOOD PLANTS INTERNATIONAL" :

    • Statut :

      Les fruits sont vendus sur les marchés. Il est couramment cultivé{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

      Original : Fruit are sold in markets. It is commonly cultivated{{{0(+x).

    • Distribution :

      Une plante tropicale. Il préfère les sols riches bien drainés dans une position ensoleillée ouverte. Il convient aux endroits tropicaux ou chauds. Il semble mieux fonctionner là où il y a une saison sèche distincte. Il est sensible à la sécheresse et au gel. Il pousse au Népal jusqu'à environ 1100 m d'altitude. Un été chaud et sec est préférable. Il peut tolérer une certaine alcalinité et des sols salins. Il peut tolérer l'alcalinité. Il peut pousser dans des endroits arides. Au Yunnan{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

      Original : A tropical plant. It prefers rich well drained soils in an open sunny position. It suits tropical or warm places. It appears to do best where there is a distinct dry season. It is drought and frost tender. It grows in Nepal to about 1100 m altitude. A hot dry summer is best. It can tolerate some alkalinity and saline soils. It can tolerate alkalinity. It can grow in arid places. In Yunnan{{{0(+x).

    • Localisation :

      Afrique, Andamans, Asie, Australie, Bangladesh *, Bhoutan, Brésil, Cambodge, Chine, Cuba, Afrique de l'Est, Timor oriental, Fidji, Guyanes, Hawaï, Himalaya, Inde *, Indochine, Indonésie, Laos, Malaisie, Myanmar, Népal, Nigeria, Amérique du Nord, Inde du Nord-Est, Inde du Nord-Ouest, Pacifique, Pakistan *, Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, PNG, Philippines, Pohnpei, Asie du Sud-Est, Singapour, Amérique du Sud, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Taïwan, Tanzanie, Thaïlande, Timor-Leste, Ouganda , USA, Vietnam, Afrique de l'Ouest{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

      Original : Africa, Andamans, Asia, Australia, Bangladesh*, Bhutan, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Cuba, East Africa, East Timor, Fiji, Guianas, Hawaii, Himalayas, India*, Indochina, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Nigeria, North America, Northeastern India, NW India, Pacific, Pakistan*, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Philippines, Pohnpei, SE Asia, Singapore, South America, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Uganda, USA, Vietnam, West Africa{{{0(+x).

    • Notes :

      Il existe 3 espèces d'Aegle. Dans certains endroits, le fruit est utilisé pour traiter la diarrhée. L'arbre est commun dans les jardins des temples en Inde. Il a des propriétés anticancéreuses{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

      Original : There are 3 Aegle species. In some places the fruit is used as treatment for diarrhoea. The tree is common in temple gardens in India. It has anticancer properties{{{0(+x).






  • Rusticité (résistance face au froid/gel, climat) :

      ✖

    -6/-6,5°C (-4 à 10°C selon d'autres sources)






  • Liens, sources et/ou références

      ✖

    • Sources et/ou références : "Online Vitamins Guide" ; 6"Jstor Plant Science" (JSP, en anglais) ; Wikipedia ; Wikipedia (en anglais) ; 5"Plants For A Future" (en anglais) ;

      dont classification :       "The Plant List" (en anglais) ; 2"GRIN" (en anglais) ;

      dont livres et bases de données :

      dont biographie/références de "FOOD PLANTS INTERNATIONAL" :

      Acharya K. P. and Acharya, R., 2010, Eating from the Wild: Indigenous knowledge on wild edible plants in Parroha VDC of Rupandehi District, Central Nepal. International Journal of Social Forestry. 3(1):28-48 ; Ambasta S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 16 ; Arinathan, V., et al, 2007, Wild edibles used by Palliyars of the western Ghats, Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 6(1) pp 163-168 ; Arora, R. K., 2014, Diversity in Underutilized Plant Species - An Asia-Pacific Perspective. Bioversity International. p 56 ; Aryal, K. P. et al, 2009, Uncultivated Plants and Livehood Support - A case study from the Chepang people of Nepal. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. 7:409-422 ; Aryal, K. P., et al, 2018, Diversity and use of wild and non-cultivated edible plants in the Western Himalaya. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2018) 14:10 ; Ashton, M. S., et al 1997, A Field Guide to the Common Trees and Shrubs of Sri Lanka. WHT Publications Ltd. pdf p 343 ; Bandyopadhyay, S., et al, 2012, A Census of Wild Edible Plants from Howrah District, West Bengal, India. Proceedings of UGC sponsored National Seminar 2012 ; Barwick, M., 2004, Tropical and Subtropical Trees. A Worldwide Encyclopedic Guide. Thames and Hudson p 12 ; Behera, K. K. et al, 2008, Wild Edible Plants of Mayurbhanj District, Orissa, India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Vol. 32 (Suppl,) pp 305-314 ; Bhardwaj, J. & Seth, M. K., 2017, Edible wild plant resources of Bilaspur, Hamirpur and Una districts of Himachal Pradesh, India. International Journal of Botany Studies. Volume 2; Issue 6; p 09-17 ; Bircher, A. G. & Bircher, W. H., 2000, Encyclopedia of Fruit Trees and Edible Flowering Plants in Egypt and the Subtropics. AUC Press. p 10 ; Bodkin, F., 1991, Encyclopedia Botanica. Cornstalk publishing, p 51 ; Bohra, N., et al, 2017, Ethnobotany of wild edible plants traditionally used by the local people in the Ramnagar regions from Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India. Biolife 5(1): 12-19 ; Bole, P.V., & Yaghani, Y., 1985, Field Guide to the Common Trees of India. OUP p 9 ; Brahma, S., et al, 2013, Wild edible fruits of Kokrajhar district of Assam, North-East India, Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research 3(6):95-100 ; Brouk, B., 1975, Plants Consumed by Man. Academic Press, London. p 156 ; Burkill, H. M., 1985, The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 4. Kew. ; Burkill, I.H., 1966, A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol 1 (A-H) p 56 ; Chandrakumar, P., et al, 2015, Ethnobotanical studies of wild edible plants of Gond, Halba and Kawar tribes of Salekasa Taluka, Gondia District, Maharashtra State, India. International Research Journal of Pharmacy 6(8) ; Chowdery, T., et al, 2014, Wild edible plants of Uttar Dinajpur District, West Bengal. Life Science Leaflets. 47:pp 20-36 http://lifesciencesleaflets.ning.com ; Chowdhury, M. & Mukherjee, R., 2012, Wild Edible Plants Consumed by Local Communities of Maldah of West Bengal, India. Indian J.Sci.Res.3(2) : 163-170 ; Coronel, R.E., 1982, Fruit Collections in the Philippines. IBPGR Newsletter p 6 ; Cowie, I, 2006, A Survey of Flora and vegetation of the proposed Jaco-Tutuala-Lore National Park. Timor-Lests (East Timor) www.territorystories.nt/gov.au p 52 ; Cruz-Garcia, G. S., & Price, L. L., 2011, Ethnobotanical investigation of 'wild' food plants used by rice farmers in Kalasin, Northeast Thailand. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7:33 ; Darley, J.J., 1993, Know and Enjoy Tropical Fruit. P & S Publishers. p 118 ; Das, S. and De, B., 2013, Evaluation of Angiotension I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential of some underutilized indigenous fruits of West Bengal using an in vitro model. Fruits, Vol. 68:499-506 ; Das, T. & Das, A. K., 2005, Inventorying plant biodiversity in homegardens: A case study in Barak Valley, Assam, North East India. CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 89, NO. 1, 10 JULY 2005 ; Datar, M. N. & Upadhye, A. S., 2016, Forest foods of northern region of Western Ghats. MACS - Agharkar Research Institute, Pune. Pp 1-160. ISBN: 978-93-85735-10-3 p 15 ; Dobriyal, M. J. R. & Dobriyal, R., 2014, Non Wood Forest Produce an Option for Ethnic Food and Nutritional Security in India. Int. J. of Usuf. Mngt. 15(1):17-37 ; Dyani, S.K., & Sharma, R.V., 1987, Exploration of Socio-economic plant resources of Vyasi Valley in Tehri Garwhal. J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Vol. 9 No. 2 pp 299-310 ; Ethnobotany of Karbis. Chapter 4 in p 103 ; Facciola, S., 1998, Cornucopia 2: a Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, p 213 ; Flora of Pakistan. www.eFloras.org ; Food Composition Tables for use in East Asia FAO http://www.fao.org/infoods/directory No. 822 ; GAMMIE, ; Gardner, S., et al, 2000, A Field Guide to Forest Trees of Northern Thailand, Kobfai Publishing Project. p 102 ; Gouldstone, S., 1983, Growing your own Food-bearing Plants in Australia. Macmillan p 77 ; GUPTA, ; Hazarika, T. K., et al, 2012, Studies on wild fruits of Mizoram, India used as ethno-medicines. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. Published on line 03 February, 2012 ; Hearne, D.A., & Rance, S.J., 1975, Trees for Darwin and Northern Australia. AGPS, Canberra p 15 ; Hedrick, U.P., 1919, (Ed.), Sturtevant's edible plants of the world. p 27 ; http://palaeoworks.anu.edu.au/Nuno_PhD/04.pdf re Timor ; Jacquat, C., 1990, Plants from the Markets of Thailand. D.K. Book House p 72 ; Jadhav, R., et al, 2015, Forest Foods of Northern Western Ghats: Mode of Consumption, Nutrition and Availability. Asian Agri-History Vol. 19, No. 4: 293-317 ; Japanese International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciencewww.jircas.affrc.go.jp/project/value_addition/Vegetables ; Jeeva, S., 2009,Horticultural potential of wild edible fruits used by the Khasi tribes of Meghalaya. Journal or Horticulture and Forestry Vol. 1(9) pp. 182-192 ; Jindal, M., et al, 2013, Synthesis, physico-chemical and biomedical applications of sulfated Aegle marmelos gum: Green chemistry approach. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. ; John, L., & Stevenson, V., 1979, The Complete Book of Fruit. Angus & Robertson p 76 ; Kahlon, L. K. & Singh, R., 2019, Traditional knowledge & Dynamics of edible plants of primitive tribal group â??Paudi Bhuyanâ' with changing demography migration patterns in Northern Odisha. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol 18(1), pp 7-15 ; Khan, M. & Hussain, S., 2014, Diversity of wild edible plants and flowering phenology of district Poonch (J & K) in the northwest Himalaya. Indian Journal of Sci, Res. 9(1): 032-038 ; Khanal, R., et al, 2014, Documenting abundance and use of underutilized plant species in the mid hill region of Nepal. ECOPRINT 21: 63-71, 2014 ; Khumgratok, S., Edible Plants in Cultural Forests of Northeastern Thailand. Mahasarakham University Thailand. ; Kintzios, S. E., 2006, Terrestrial Plant-Derived Anticancer Agents and Plant Species Used in Anticancer research Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 25: pp 79-113 ; Kiple, K.F. & Ornelas, K.C., (eds), 2000, The Cambridge World History of Food. CUP p 1725 ; Krishen P., 2006, Trees of Delhi, A Field Guide. DK Books. p 198 ; Lorenzi, H., Bacher, L., Lacerda, M. & Sartori, S., 2006, Brazilian Fruits & Cultivated Exotics. Sao Paulo, Instituto Plantarum de Estuados da Flora Ltda. p 525 ; Lyle, S., 2006, Discovering fruit and nuts. Land Links. p 52 ; Macmillan, H.F. (Revised Barlow, H.S., et al) 1991, Tropical Planting and Gardening. Sixth edition. Malayan Nature Society. Kuala Lumpur. p 290 ; Manandhar, N.P., 2002, Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press. Portland, Oregon. p 74 ; Martin, F.W. & Ruberte, R.M., 1979, Edible Leaves of the Tropics. Antillian College Press, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. p 98, 217 ; Martin, F. W., et al, 1987, Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics. USDA Handbook 642 p 64 ; Medhi, P. & Borthakur, S. K., 2012, Phytoresources from North Cachur Hills of Assam -3: Edible plants sold at Hflong market. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources. 3(1) pp 84-109 ; Miguel, E., et al, 1989, A checklist of the cultivated plants of Cuba. Kulturpflanze 37. 1989, 211-357 ; Milow, P., et al, 2014, Malaysian Species of Plants with Edible Fruits or Seeds and Their Valuation. International Journal of Fruit Science, 14:1-27, 2014 ; Morton, J. F., 1987, Fruits of Warm Climates. Wipf & Stock Publishers p 187 ; Murtem, G. & Chaudhrey, P., 2016, An ethnobotanical note on wild edible plants of Upper Eastern Himalaya, India. Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences, 2016, v. 3, no. 5, p. 63-81. ; Pandy, R. K. & Saini, S. K., 2007, Edible plants of tropical forests among tribal communities of Madhya Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 6(1), pp 185-190 ; Pandey, K. C. & Pande, N., 2016, Ethnobotanical Documentation of Wild Edible Plants used by Gujjar Community of Tarai West Forest Division Ramnagar, Nainital, India, Current World Environment. Vol. 11(3), 808-818 ; Patel, K. P., Sahu, J., Sahu, L., Prajapati, N. K. and Dubey, B. K., 2012, Aegle marmelos:A Review on its Medicinal Properties, Int. J. Pharm. Phytopharmacol. Res., 1(5): pp. 332-338. ; Patiri, B. & Borah, A., 2007, Wild Edible Plants of Assam. Geethaki Publishers. p 21 ; Paul, A., 2013, Minor and uncultivated fruits of Eastern India, 2nd International Symposium on Minor Fruits and Medicinal Plants ; Phon, P., 2000, Plants used in Cambodia. © Pauline Dy Phon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. ; Prachi, K., et al, 2012, Underutilized wild fruits of North Maharashtra. Journal of Research in Plant Sciences. (2012) 1:071-076 ; PROSEA (Plant Resources of South East Asia) handbook, Volume 2, 1991, Edible fruits and nut. p 59 ; PROSEA handbook Volume 13 Spices. p 273 ; Purseglove, J.W., 1968, Tropical Crops Dicotyledons, Longmans. p 493 ; Rajapaksha, U., 1998, Traditional Food Plants in Sri Lanka. HARTI, Sri Lanka. p 418 ; Rao, M. L. S., et al, 2014, Indigenous Plant Foods which are commonly consumed by the tribla communities in Dumbriguda Area of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Biolife. Vol 2, Issue 3 ; Rashid, H. E., 1977, Geography of Bangladesh. Westview. p 348 ; Reddy, B. M., 2012, Wild edible plants of Chandrapur district, Maharashtra, India. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources. 3(1) pp 110-117 ; Reddy, K. N., et al, 2006, Traditional knowledge on wild food plants in Andhra Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 6(1) pp 223-229 ; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Published on the Internet; http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/ceb/sepasal/internet [Accessed 10th June 2011] ; Sahni, K.C., 2000, The Book of Indian Trees. Bombay Natural History Society. Oxford. p 49 ; Sawian, J. T., et al, 2007, Wild edible plants of Meghalaya, North-east India. Natural Product Radiance Vol. 6(5): p 413 ; Seidemann J., 2005, World Spice Plants. Economic Usage, Botany, Taxonomy. Springer. p 6 ; Sharma, B.B., 2005, Growing fruits and vegetables. Publications Division. Ministry of Information and broadcasting. India. p 21 ; SHORTT, ; Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. 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Pangtey, Geeta Tewari pp 157 - 196, 2010 ; Uprety, Y., et al, 2010, Non-timber Forest Products in Bardiya District of Nepal: Indigenous use, Trade and Conservation. J. Hum. Ecol. 30(3): 143-158 ; Uprety, Y., et al, 2012, Diversity of use and local knowledge of wild edible plant resources in Nepal. Journal of Ethnobotany and Ethnomedicine 8:16 ; Uprety, Y., et al, 2011, Plant biodiversity and ethnobotany inside the projected impact area of the Upper Seti Hydropower Project, Western Nepal. Environ. Dev. Sustain. (2011) 13:463-492 ; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/econ.pl (10 April 2000) ; WATT ; www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/products/afdbases/af ; Yeshi, K. et al, 2017, Taxonomical Identification of Himalayan Edible Medicinal Plants in Bhutan and the Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Plants. TBAP 7 (2) 2017 pp 89 - 106 ; Yesodharan, K. & Sujana, K. A., 2007, Wild edible plants traditionally used by the tribes in the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India. Natural Products radiance Vol. 6(1), pp 74-80

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